________________ is an example of L-data.

Municipal records of the number of moving violations

________________ is an example of O-data.

Friends’ reports of an individuals’ best qualities

T-data are _____ objective source of information about a person than are S-data.

a more

Of the four types of data described on your text, which come from experimental procedures?

T-data

According to your text, which of the four sources of data tend to be the most closely related?

S and O

________________ is an example of a fixed or nomothetic measure.

A survey question with options ranging from “agree” to “disagree”

Another word for idiographic is _____________.

idiosyncratic

Which of the following technologies capitalizes on the fact that neurons emit electrical activity, thus allowing us to record which areas of the brain are most active during a given activity?

EEG

Which of the following is unlikely to be a target of assessment in personality psychology?

all are likely to be targets of assessment

In the context of measurement, which of the following words are synonyms of reliability?

They all are

A measurement is valid to the extent that it _____________________.

measures what it’s supposed to measure

The American Psychological Association adopted a list of relevant ethical principles, the essence of which is that “the psychologist carries out the investigation with respect and concern for the dignity and welfare of the______________.”

people who participate

Case studies are inherently ________________ because their aim is to uncover the complexities of an individual’s personality.

idiographic

Self-esteem and ___________________ are likely to be negatively correlated with each other.

depression

Randomly assigning individuals to condition ensures that any pre-existing traits that could influence the outcome of an experiment are _____________________.

equally distributed across conditions

Which of the following is not a limitation of the case study method?

It provides a relatively shallow portrait of the individual

The problems associated with using verbal reports highlights the need for observations that are

Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct

Where case studies are very _______ in their portrayal of individuals, correlational studies are relatively ______.

rich; shallow

An advantage of correlational studies, relative to case studies, is that they are a more __________ method of assessing individuals.

efficient

Socially desirable responding is a response bias that would be of most concern in a questionnaire measuring _____.

ethical behavior

Relative to case studies and correlational studies, laboratory research is most desirable because ___________.

it enables one to establish causality

The case of Clever Hans best illustrates the concept of _________________.

experimenter-expectancy effects

Your textbook suggests that though personality psychologists try to remain as unbiased as possible in their observations, one way in which they remain biased is in their choice of research methods. This choice is largely determined by _________________.

all of the above